The Galilean transformation is a foundational concept in classical physics that describes the mathematical relationship between the positions and velocities of objects observed in different inertial reference frames. Proposed by Galileo Galilei, this transformation allows for the conversion of coordinates and velocities from one inertial frame of reference to another moving at a constant velocity relative to the first frame. It specifically deals with transformations between non-accelerating reference frames and assumes time and space to be absolute and independent. However, it doesn’t account for the effects of relativistic speeds or the constancy of the speed of light. While fundamental in Newtonian physics for describing relative motion, the Galilean transformation was later superseded by Einstein’s theory of special relativity, which extends these concepts to include effects at high speeds and near the speed of light.
