An earthquake is a natural phenomenon characterized by the sudden shaking or trembling of the Earth’s surface, typically caused by the release of energy accumulated in the Earth’s crust along fault lines. This release of energy results in seismic waves that propagate through the Earth, causing the ground to shake. Earthquakes can vary in magnitude, from minor tremors that are hardly felt to catastrophic events capable of causing widespread destruction and loss of life. The intensity and effects of an earthquake depend on various factors, including its magnitude, depth, distance from populated areas, and the geological characteristics of the region. Tectonic plate movements, volcanic activity, or human-induced activities like mining or reservoir-induced seismicity can trigger earthquakes. The point within the Earth where the seismic energy is released is called the focus, while the point on the surface directly above it is the epicenter.