Eddy currents are swirling or circulating currents induced within conductive materials when subjected to changing magnetic fields. These circular currents are a result of electromagnetic induction, following Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. When a conductor, such as a metal plate or coil, is exposed to a varying magnetic field (either through movement or changes in an applied field), eddy currents are generated. These currents circulate within the material in closed loops, creating their own magnetic fields that oppose the original changing magnetic field. As a consequence, they cause energy dissipation and resist the flow of the changing magnetic field, leading to heating effects in the conductor. Eddy currents find various applications, including electromagnetic braking systems in trains, metal detectors, and non-destructive testing methods like eddy current testing for flaw detection in materials. Engineers and scientists study eddy currents to understand their behavior within conductive materials, allowing for the development of technologies and techniques that harness or mitigate their effects in different industrial and scientific fields.