A Geiger counter is a portable radiation detection device used to measure ionizing radiation levels in the surrounding environment. It works based on the ionization effect produced by radiation particles interacting with gas molecules inside the counter.
The typical Geiger counter comprises a tube filled with an inert gas, such as helium or neon, at low pressure. Inside the tube, there’s a central wire (anode) surrounded by a metal tube (cathode). A high voltage potential is applied between these electrodes, creating an electric field in the tube.
When ionizing radiation, such as alpha, beta, or gamma rays, enters the tube, it ionizes the gas molecules along its path. This ionization allows electrons to move freely in the tube, creating an electrical pulse. The counter detects these pulses and converts them into audible clicks or visual readings, indicating the presence and intensity of radiation.
Geiger counters are commonly used in various fields, including nuclear medicine, environmental monitoring, radiological safety, and research. They provide a quick and simple way to detect and measure radiation levels, ensuring safety in areas with potential radiation hazards and aiding in monitoring radiation exposure levels for workers in nuclear-related industries.
