Reproducibility refers to the consistency of measurements. It’s the extent to which a tool can produce an identical result when used repeatedly under identical circumstances. Reproducibility is employed interchangeably with the term’s repeatability and reliability. 

A measurement can have good reproducibility while demonstrating poor validity. The converse isn’t true; a measurement that has good validity cannot have good reproducibility.

Different scientific disciplines and institutes use the words replicability and reproducibility inconsistently – or sometimes contradict each other. This creates difficulties in assessing reproducibility thanks to an absence of a customary definition for this term.

However, within the Biological Sciences, reproducibility will be defined as obtaining consistent results using identical input variables, methodological and computational steps, and analysis conditions. The term reproducibility is closely associated with replicability, which is the process of obtaining consistent results across studies that answered the identical scientific inquiry, each of which has obtained its data.

·   Direct replication: attempts to breed a previously observed result by using the identical experimental design and conditions as defined within the original study

·   Analytic replication: reproducing a series of scientific findings through a re-analysis of the initial data set

·   Systemic replication: reproducing an experimental finding using different experimental conditions (for example, in a very different animal model or cell culture system)

·   Conceptual replication: evaluation of information validity employing a different set of experimental conditions or methods learn more about Learning Management System.