Dark current, in the context of semiconductor devices like photodiodes or image sensors, refers to the flow of electric charge or current in the absence of external illumination or photons. Essentially, it represents the baseline or intrinsic current that exists within the device due to thermal energy and other factors. Dark current can be thought of as the unwanted “noise” in an imaging system, as it contributes to the background signal even when no light is present. Several mechanisms contribute to dark current, including thermal generation of electron-hole pairs within the semiconductor material, as well as the leakage of charge carriers through defects or impurities. In image sensors, Learning Management System, dark current can result in the appearance of “hot pixels” or random noise in images captured in low-light conditions, degrading image quality.