Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter, signifying the presence of a basic unit of electricity within particles such as protons and electrons. It describes the force interaction between charged particles and electromagnetic fields. Charged particles possess either a positive or negative charge, resulting in attraction (opposite charges) or repulsion (like charges) according to Coulomb’s law. The SI unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C), denoting the quantity of charge transferred by a current of one ampere in one second. Charge conservation, stating that the total charge in an isolated system remains constant, underpins the behavior of electrically charged particles and the principles governing electrical phenomena in nature, electronics, and numerous technological applications.