Fermions are a class of fundamental particles that obey Fermi-Dirac statistics, a set of principles describing their behavior. They are one of the two fundamental classes of particles in the Standard Model of particle physics, the other being bosons.
Key characteristics of fermions include:
Obey Pauli Exclusion Principle: The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously. This principle accounts for the stability of matter and explains why fermions, like electrons, protons, and neutrons, form the basis for the structure of atoms.
Constituents of Matter: Fermions are the building blocks of matter. They make up the particles found in the atomic nucleus (protons and neutrons) and the electron clouds around atoms.
Fermions are further classified into two categories: quarks and leptons. Quarks are constituents of particles such as protons and neutrons, while leptons include particles like electrons, muons, and neutrinos.
